Hi Friends in this page you will find all the answers of our life language and culture text book in 2-2 semester of jntu-kHere is our first lesson
MORNING BELLS
-Jayashree Mohanraj
1.What do rag pickers do?
ans. Rag pickers wake up early in the morning, go from garbage bin to garbage bin filling their jute sacks with the material like broken plastics, tins, cans and bottles which they think could fetch them some money.
2.How did Chotu, Ramu, Irfan and Munna come together?
ans .They came together by providence. Chotu ran away from home; Ramu was sent away; Irfan and Munna don’t have a home at all. All four of them once met at a dumping yard and started to live together.
3.Why was the old municipal sweeper kind to them?
ans.The sweeper would have felt bad for their lives and hence has been kind to them. He extended the help he could do to them.
4.What did Chotu discover inside the garbage bin?
ans. Chotu discovered an infant in the garbage bin. He found it while he was searching the bin.
5.Why had the female infant supposedly been left there?
ans. It might have been an unwanted child, may be a result of pre/extra marital relation or might because it’s a female child. Many families in our society don’t accept a female child.
6.What did Ramu do with it?
ans. Ramu bent into the bin and gathered the infant in his hand. They wrapped it in an old news paper and put the bundle in the jute sack.
7.Where did they go with the small bundle?
ans. They went to the abandoned car shed which happens to be their home.
8.Why were people going to the temple?
ans. People go to temple for many reasons. Be it like – to seek blessings, to wash off their sins, to satisfy them selves for being so devotional, to impress others by being pious, and to attain peace of mind….etc.
9.Why did one of the beggars want to adopt Ramu?
ans. One of the beggars had taken fancy for Ramu. He wanted to adopt him because he has no one living with him. He wanted to make Ramu his son, so that he would get some company and also that he could take a break once in a while, assigning his duty to Ramu.
10. What did Chotu buy outside the temple?
ans. Chotu bought some flowers and a few incense sticks.
11. What did they do with the body of Chutky?
ans. They dug a pit in one corner of the shed, placed the body in the pit and coveredwith mud. They kneeled beside the pit, put flowers, lit incense sticks and prayed a moment for her soul to rest in peace.
12. What message do you get from the story?
ans. - The real prayer lies in empathy and sympathy for others.
- One should never forget the humanitarian principles and values.
- A minor positive action is better than a huge improper behavior
- Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned.
Looking at Language : Writing Style [page 11]
Para 4 – Chotu had run away from home…. (loose)
Para 18- He walked towards….. (loose)
Para 18- The priest …. (periodic)
Para 21- once they were……newspaper (periodic)
Para 16- But with……. Freedom (periodic)
Para 6- Chotu pulled up…….. (balanced)
Day shines brightly, night glitters brightly (balanced)
Do the work you love, love the work you do (balanced).
Sympathy is an expression ………. Give examples. (Page 12)
Both sympathy and empathy are shown in the four characters. The rich and the pious
people are described in sarcastic manner. The beggar and the sweeper have also
shown sympathy for the rag pickers
Looking at Language : Regional Flavour (page12)
Native words or regional words as we say, don’t always have equivalents in
English; when the word are related to tradition especially. Local words leave a
positive feeling on local readers and a sense of belongingness. A reader could easily
connect with the writer and the plot when he comes across regional language.
The regional words that are used in second lesson are – harmattan , ogbono, garri,
egusi, jollof.
We face some inconvenience when such regional words are used but at the same
time, it gives us an opportunity to come to know foreign words and their usage. Usage
of regional words give a sense of enthusiasm to readers.
Literary concept: Theme (page 14)
1.The phrase……….symbolize?
ans. It symbolizes the small but apt response which is very much essential. It indirectly states the necessity of empathy and the need fro action. It alarms against what is to be done and what not to be done.
2.Rationalist …………. one another?
ans. We could say that they are bellow the poverty line and don’t have positive family
backdrop. They are not accepted their families fro some or other reasons. These became the common factor behind their meet and bond with each other.
3.What kind of person…….driven?
ans. It might a person who couldn’t tolerate the birth of a female or a person who tried to get rid of the unwanted birth or a women who didn’t wish to face the consequences for having delivered a female child.
4.What prompts……… in the shed?
ans. They would have identified them selves in the infant, they very well know that it
would be torn in to pieces if left in the bin. They didn’t want the innocent face to
have such an end.
5.Each closed group………with the beggars?
ans. As every group has its own code of conduct, so is the case with beggars. They
have a set of rules to be followed which seen shocking to outsiders. Their team
work may evoke jealousy in others.
6.Explain why the boys………..infant?
ans. ‘Chutki’ means the smallest and the cutest one. They would have chosen the name
because its an infant who looked cute and had a short life.
Culture point : Female Infanticide (page 17)
Satya Meva Jayate, Aamir Khan’s maiden television show made the country hooked to their television sets one fine Sunday morning. It came as a surprise package of overwhelming emotions and disturbing facts clubbed together in a laudable concept and notice-worthy script. It’s about the female infanticide in India.
We regularly see the headlines in news papers like, ‘The body of an infant found’, ‘Father killed his daughter’, ‘Abandoned infant found’. It’s hard to believe that these heinous acts happen in a country like India, where women are given prime honour traditionally.
Reports say that a whopping 78,847 girls in Andhra Pradesh have fallen prey to either female infanticide or female foeticide between 2005 and 2011, according to government officials who have investigated the rapid decline in the Child Sex Ratio (CSR) in the state.
Sex selection may be one of the contributing factors of infanticide. According to a recent report by one of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) up to 50 million girls and women are missing in India’s population as a result of systematic sex discrimination. Hence, strict laws are framed against sex revelation during pregnancy.
Infanticide is often a response to an unwanted birth. Preventing unwanted pregnancies through improved sex education and increased contraceptive access are advocated as ways of preventing infanticide. Some say that where abortion is illegal, as in Pakistan, infanticide would decline if safer legal abortions were available.
Screening for psychiatric disorders or risk factors, and providing treatment or assistance to those at risk may help prevent infanticide.
Granting women employment raises their status and autonomy. Having a gainful employment can raise the perceived worth of females. This can lead to an increase in the number of women getting an education and a decrease in the number of female infanticide. As a result, the infant mortality rate will decrease and economic development will increase.
Culture point: Hypocrisy (page-18)
People express………….. religion
The hypocritical show is clearly depicted in morning bells. They are concerned with rituals alone and not the true sense of prayer and the essence of religion. A religion teaches to be piteous to others, tom serve them and to help. But it is notfollowed by the temple-goers in the stories.
Culture point: Economy
Relate ………………story
A temple promotes service and sympathetic approach from the down trodden. It
enables service to the needy. It gives the scope to give the society whatever needed
Culture point: Beggary
He means that one could do easy money through begging. One need not work hard
or struggle for survival if he begs. He considers begging to be a sort of
employment.
Culture point: Abandoned children (page-20)
The temple goers concerned about them selves and their family alone. They are not kind enough like the rag pickers. The rag pickers have been nearer to god by displaying their generosity, sympathy and kindness.
Reading Journal (page-20)
Re-narrate the story from chutki’s view point.
I was very happy to enter this world and have been counting seconds fro myarrival. I was proud that I am a female but happiness didn’t last long. As soon as I was born, I had to face the rejection fro being a female. No one was ready to feed, touch me or even to look at me. I was astonished by their reaction. Even more, my mother was blamed and abused fro having given birth to me, a female one. She pleaded every one but couldn’t convince them finally, I was secretly thrown into a garbage bin. I struggle for a while to breathe but had to give up after a few minutes. I was found by some rag pickers. They took me home dissatisfying a stray dog which was eager to eat me. They stopped on their way to buy a few flowers and some incense sticks. They were given awful looks by the pious and rich people over there.
A pit was dug in their home. I was placed inside the pit and was covered bymud; they put the followers and lit the incense sticks. They prayed fro me on kneels. I lied there peacefully, happy fro the burial.
Project (page 21)
1.An article on Rag-Pickers
ans. Rag pickers play an important, but usually unrecognized role in the waste management system of Indian cities. They collect garbage in search of recyclable items that can be sold to scrap merchant (paper, plastic, tin...) This activity requires no skill and is a source of income for a growing number of urban poor. In India, over a million people find livelihood opportunities through waste picking.
Rag pickers are mostly women who come from the most marginalized groups of the population and often live in unauthorized slums in the poorest neighbourhood.
Studies also show that rag pickers are most of the time migrants who had fled their city or village because of hard living conditions. The vast majority of the rag pickers are Dalits or minorities.
Many children begin working as rag pickers at the young age of five or six years.Most of them never attend school and don’t have any formal education. Their families are generally in need of extra incomes from their children.
There are two categories of child rag pickers: the street pickers, who collect garbage in street bins or residential areas, and dump pickers who work on dumping grounds.
Girls were traditionally more involved in rag picking than boys, but adolescent girls are less involved in rag picking because it is believed to be unsafe for them to be out on the street. They are involved in taking care of the house chores and help in sorting the collected garbage from home.
Some of the child rag pickers go to school and work the other part of the day or during holidays. Some girls are found working as rag pickers in the morning, sometimes attending school in the afternoon and coming back home in theevening to help their mother with the household chores or to care for their younger siblings.
Impact of rag picking on the life of children
They have to face several health issues as they always work in filthy environment. They are prone to many diseases like respiratory problems, anemia, fever etc.
They don’t show any interest to go to school and hence remain illiterates. They even withdraw from schools as they could earn money through rag picking.
Some improvements in their work conditions
Many NGOs are supporting the rag pickers to gain access to the basic services (health care, health insurance, education and vocational training). They also provide legal support or counselling sessions and help them form unions to speak up for their rights.
In some cities, their work has been partly recognized and their situation thus improved. In Pune, the municipal corporation now issues identity cards to rag pickers and offers a limited health insurance plan, recognizing their contribution to recycling waste in the city
This acknowledgement can have a positive impact on reducing child labour by increasing the parent’s income therefore reducing their dependence on the money their children earn.
Case Study – Narasaraopet
Kumari, 11 years old, has 3 brothers. Her father died; and her mother is weak and gets sick very often. She and her 12-year-old brother are the bread winners of the family.
Kumari’s day begins early morning; she cooks rice, prepares tea and goes with her brother round the town for rag picking. She returns home when the sun is highin the sky. After taking bath and meal she looks after her younger brother. Around 3 pm she starts second round of rag picking and comes back around 7 PM. She cooks the evening meal and does other house hold work.
She dreams to become teacher but hardly find any time to go to school. She wants to play with the doll, which she found during her daily rag collection. She is growing up and has lots of questions but no one to answer them. She dreams of collecting lots of money and going back to school and lead a life she wanted to.
2. The Rights of the child
Every human being under the age of 18 is considered to be a child. While all children need protection, some need special attention. They are- homeless children, orphaned or abandoned children, child beggars, children of sex workers, children affected by natural disasters, children suffering from terminal diseases, disabled children etc.
The Indian Constitution has a framework within which ample provisions exist for the protection, development and welfare of children. There are a wide range of laws that guarantee children their rights and entitlements as provided in the Constitution and in the UN Convention.
Every child has the following rights, as per the Indian Constitution-
Right to free and compulsory education for all children in the 6-14 year age group (Article 21A)
Right to be protected from any hazardous employment till the age of 14 years (Article 24)
Right to be protected from being abused and forced by economic necessity to enter occupations unsuited to their age or strength (Article 39(e))
Right to equal opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and guaranteed protection of childhood and youth against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment (Article 39(f))
Right to equality (Article 14)
Right against discrimination (Article 15)
Right to personal liberty and due process of law (Article 21)
Right to being protected from being trafficked and forced into bonded labour (article 23)
Right of weaker sections of the people to be protected from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (Article 46)
These rights could be put in simple as-
The right to education
The right to Expression
The right to information
The right to Nutrition
The right to Health and Care
The right to protection from Abuse
The right to protection from Exploitation
The right to protection from Neglect
The right to development
The right to Recreation
The right to Name and Nationality
The right to Survival
Every child has the right to avail his rights and it’s the prime duty of the government and the elders to see that every child utilizes the rights provided for him.
3. Eco-friendly Garbage Management
Waste management is an important part of infrastructure for cities, towns and countries. Today’s busy lives are interested to use everything that is disposable and it generates piles of waste in the environment.
The Namakkal Municipality can be taken as an ideal municipality which has become Zero Garbage Town from 01.07.2003. It has implemented various activities in order to achieve this. They followed steps like—door to door collection of garbage with segregation, sale of recyclable waste, manufacturing vermin compost from organic waste, door to door collection and sweeping on all holidays and Sundays, 100% removal of garbage daily etc. It has become the first Dust bin free town in the world.
We should try to practice a few of these steps to make our town, an eco friendly one. Firstly, the people of the town need to be motivated well. We should see that every person comes forward and co-operate. We should take the individual responsibility in managing the waste.
Let’s say NO to plastic and toxic products. It’s always better to carry a cloth bag when you go shopping. We should avoid excess packing. Paper packing is better than plastic as it is degradable.
We should buy the eco-friendly products only. It’s better to buy durable products instead of disposable and cheap products. We would better buy items that could be reused and recycled.
We should try to repair the items before replacing them. We can pass the unwanted items to our friends and family. Let’s not dump the E-waste (printers, coffee machines, refrigerators etc.) Instead, we could donate them to the needy.
Let’s not throw everything on the roads and create a mess. Let’s reduce the waste we produce like paper waste and organic waste.
Waste management is something that should be a joint effort between government, industries and citizens. Our planet suffered a tremendous damage due to mass dumped products. Recycling the products will reduce the strain on our environment and our resources.
Being aware of the products we use is contributing to the future of our planet. Waste management is manageable only if everyone does his or her part in keeping our planet healthy.
-Jayashree Mohanraj
1.What do rag pickers do?
ans. Rag pickers wake up early in the morning, go from garbage bin to garbage bin filling their jute sacks with the material like broken plastics, tins, cans and bottles which they think could fetch them some money.
2.How did Chotu, Ramu, Irfan and Munna come together?
ans .They came together by providence. Chotu ran away from home; Ramu was sent away; Irfan and Munna don’t have a home at all. All four of them once met at a dumping yard and started to live together.
3.Why was the old municipal sweeper kind to them?
ans.The sweeper would have felt bad for their lives and hence has been kind to them. He extended the help he could do to them.
4.What did Chotu discover inside the garbage bin?
ans. Chotu discovered an infant in the garbage bin. He found it while he was searching the bin.
5.Why had the female infant supposedly been left there?
ans. It might have been an unwanted child, may be a result of pre/extra marital relation or might because it’s a female child. Many families in our society don’t accept a female child.
6.What did Ramu do with it?
ans. Ramu bent into the bin and gathered the infant in his hand. They wrapped it in an old news paper and put the bundle in the jute sack.
7.Where did they go with the small bundle?
ans. They went to the abandoned car shed which happens to be their home.
8.Why were people going to the temple?
ans. People go to temple for many reasons. Be it like – to seek blessings, to wash off their sins, to satisfy them selves for being so devotional, to impress others by being pious, and to attain peace of mind….etc.
9.Why did one of the beggars want to adopt Ramu?
ans. One of the beggars had taken fancy for Ramu. He wanted to adopt him because he has no one living with him. He wanted to make Ramu his son, so that he would get some company and also that he could take a break once in a while, assigning his duty to Ramu.
10. What did Chotu buy outside the temple?
ans. Chotu bought some flowers and a few incense sticks.
11. What did they do with the body of Chutky?
ans. They dug a pit in one corner of the shed, placed the body in the pit and coveredwith mud. They kneeled beside the pit, put flowers, lit incense sticks and prayed a moment for her soul to rest in peace.
12. What message do you get from the story?
ans. - The real prayer lies in empathy and sympathy for others.
- One should never forget the humanitarian principles and values.
- A minor positive action is better than a huge improper behavior
- Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned.
Looking at Language : Writing Style [page 11]
Para 4 – Chotu had run away from home…. (loose)
Para 18- He walked towards….. (loose)
Para 18- The priest …. (periodic)
Para 21- once they were……newspaper (periodic)
Para 16- But with……. Freedom (periodic)
Para 6- Chotu pulled up…….. (balanced)
Day shines brightly, night glitters brightly (balanced)
Do the work you love, love the work you do (balanced).
Sympathy is an expression ………. Give examples. (Page 12)
Both sympathy and empathy are shown in the four characters. The rich and the pious
people are described in sarcastic manner. The beggar and the sweeper have also
shown sympathy for the rag pickers
Looking at Language : Regional Flavour (page12)
Native words or regional words as we say, don’t always have equivalents in
English; when the word are related to tradition especially. Local words leave a
positive feeling on local readers and a sense of belongingness. A reader could easily
connect with the writer and the plot when he comes across regional language.
The regional words that are used in second lesson are – harmattan , ogbono, garri,
egusi, jollof.
We face some inconvenience when such regional words are used but at the same
time, it gives us an opportunity to come to know foreign words and their usage. Usage
of regional words give a sense of enthusiasm to readers.
Literary concept: Theme (page 14)
1.The phrase……….symbolize?
ans. It symbolizes the small but apt response which is very much essential. It indirectly states the necessity of empathy and the need fro action. It alarms against what is to be done and what not to be done.
2.Rationalist …………. one another?
ans. We could say that they are bellow the poverty line and don’t have positive family
backdrop. They are not accepted their families fro some or other reasons. These became the common factor behind their meet and bond with each other.
3.What kind of person…….driven?
ans. It might a person who couldn’t tolerate the birth of a female or a person who tried to get rid of the unwanted birth or a women who didn’t wish to face the consequences for having delivered a female child.
4.What prompts……… in the shed?
ans. They would have identified them selves in the infant, they very well know that it
would be torn in to pieces if left in the bin. They didn’t want the innocent face to
have such an end.
5.Each closed group………with the beggars?
ans. As every group has its own code of conduct, so is the case with beggars. They
have a set of rules to be followed which seen shocking to outsiders. Their team
work may evoke jealousy in others.
6.Explain why the boys………..infant?
ans. ‘Chutki’ means the smallest and the cutest one. They would have chosen the name
because its an infant who looked cute and had a short life.
Culture point : Female Infanticide (page 17)
Satya Meva Jayate, Aamir Khan’s maiden television show made the country hooked to their television sets one fine Sunday morning. It came as a surprise package of overwhelming emotions and disturbing facts clubbed together in a laudable concept and notice-worthy script. It’s about the female infanticide in India.
We regularly see the headlines in news papers like, ‘The body of an infant found’, ‘Father killed his daughter’, ‘Abandoned infant found’. It’s hard to believe that these heinous acts happen in a country like India, where women are given prime honour traditionally.
Reports say that a whopping 78,847 girls in Andhra Pradesh have fallen prey to either female infanticide or female foeticide between 2005 and 2011, according to government officials who have investigated the rapid decline in the Child Sex Ratio (CSR) in the state.
Sex selection may be one of the contributing factors of infanticide. According to a recent report by one of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) up to 50 million girls and women are missing in India’s population as a result of systematic sex discrimination. Hence, strict laws are framed against sex revelation during pregnancy.
Infanticide is often a response to an unwanted birth. Preventing unwanted pregnancies through improved sex education and increased contraceptive access are advocated as ways of preventing infanticide. Some say that where abortion is illegal, as in Pakistan, infanticide would decline if safer legal abortions were available.
Screening for psychiatric disorders or risk factors, and providing treatment or assistance to those at risk may help prevent infanticide.
Granting women employment raises their status and autonomy. Having a gainful employment can raise the perceived worth of females. This can lead to an increase in the number of women getting an education and a decrease in the number of female infanticide. As a result, the infant mortality rate will decrease and economic development will increase.
Culture point: Hypocrisy (page-18)
People express………….. religion
The hypocritical show is clearly depicted in morning bells. They are concerned with rituals alone and not the true sense of prayer and the essence of religion. A religion teaches to be piteous to others, tom serve them and to help. But it is notfollowed by the temple-goers in the stories.
Culture point: Economy
Relate ………………story
A temple promotes service and sympathetic approach from the down trodden. It
enables service to the needy. It gives the scope to give the society whatever needed
Culture point: Beggary
He means that one could do easy money through begging. One need not work hard
or struggle for survival if he begs. He considers begging to be a sort of
employment.
Culture point: Abandoned children (page-20)
The temple goers concerned about them selves and their family alone. They are not kind enough like the rag pickers. The rag pickers have been nearer to god by displaying their generosity, sympathy and kindness.
Reading Journal (page-20)
Re-narrate the story from chutki’s view point.
I was very happy to enter this world and have been counting seconds fro myarrival. I was proud that I am a female but happiness didn’t last long. As soon as I was born, I had to face the rejection fro being a female. No one was ready to feed, touch me or even to look at me. I was astonished by their reaction. Even more, my mother was blamed and abused fro having given birth to me, a female one. She pleaded every one but couldn’t convince them finally, I was secretly thrown into a garbage bin. I struggle for a while to breathe but had to give up after a few minutes. I was found by some rag pickers. They took me home dissatisfying a stray dog which was eager to eat me. They stopped on their way to buy a few flowers and some incense sticks. They were given awful looks by the pious and rich people over there.
A pit was dug in their home. I was placed inside the pit and was covered bymud; they put the followers and lit the incense sticks. They prayed fro me on kneels. I lied there peacefully, happy fro the burial.
Project (page 21)
1.An article on Rag-Pickers
ans. Rag pickers play an important, but usually unrecognized role in the waste management system of Indian cities. They collect garbage in search of recyclable items that can be sold to scrap merchant (paper, plastic, tin...) This activity requires no skill and is a source of income for a growing number of urban poor. In India, over a million people find livelihood opportunities through waste picking.
Rag pickers are mostly women who come from the most marginalized groups of the population and often live in unauthorized slums in the poorest neighbourhood.
Studies also show that rag pickers are most of the time migrants who had fled their city or village because of hard living conditions. The vast majority of the rag pickers are Dalits or minorities.
Many children begin working as rag pickers at the young age of five or six years.Most of them never attend school and don’t have any formal education. Their families are generally in need of extra incomes from their children.
There are two categories of child rag pickers: the street pickers, who collect garbage in street bins or residential areas, and dump pickers who work on dumping grounds.
Girls were traditionally more involved in rag picking than boys, but adolescent girls are less involved in rag picking because it is believed to be unsafe for them to be out on the street. They are involved in taking care of the house chores and help in sorting the collected garbage from home.
Some of the child rag pickers go to school and work the other part of the day or during holidays. Some girls are found working as rag pickers in the morning, sometimes attending school in the afternoon and coming back home in theevening to help their mother with the household chores or to care for their younger siblings.
Impact of rag picking on the life of children
They have to face several health issues as they always work in filthy environment. They are prone to many diseases like respiratory problems, anemia, fever etc.
They don’t show any interest to go to school and hence remain illiterates. They even withdraw from schools as they could earn money through rag picking.
Some improvements in their work conditions
Many NGOs are supporting the rag pickers to gain access to the basic services (health care, health insurance, education and vocational training). They also provide legal support or counselling sessions and help them form unions to speak up for their rights.
In some cities, their work has been partly recognized and their situation thus improved. In Pune, the municipal corporation now issues identity cards to rag pickers and offers a limited health insurance plan, recognizing their contribution to recycling waste in the city
This acknowledgement can have a positive impact on reducing child labour by increasing the parent’s income therefore reducing their dependence on the money their children earn.
Case Study – Narasaraopet
Kumari, 11 years old, has 3 brothers. Her father died; and her mother is weak and gets sick very often. She and her 12-year-old brother are the bread winners of the family.
Kumari’s day begins early morning; she cooks rice, prepares tea and goes with her brother round the town for rag picking. She returns home when the sun is highin the sky. After taking bath and meal she looks after her younger brother. Around 3 pm she starts second round of rag picking and comes back around 7 PM. She cooks the evening meal and does other house hold work.
She dreams to become teacher but hardly find any time to go to school. She wants to play with the doll, which she found during her daily rag collection. She is growing up and has lots of questions but no one to answer them. She dreams of collecting lots of money and going back to school and lead a life she wanted to.
2. The Rights of the child
Every human being under the age of 18 is considered to be a child. While all children need protection, some need special attention. They are- homeless children, orphaned or abandoned children, child beggars, children of sex workers, children affected by natural disasters, children suffering from terminal diseases, disabled children etc.
The Indian Constitution has a framework within which ample provisions exist for the protection, development and welfare of children. There are a wide range of laws that guarantee children their rights and entitlements as provided in the Constitution and in the UN Convention.
Every child has the following rights, as per the Indian Constitution-
Right to free and compulsory education for all children in the 6-14 year age group (Article 21A)
Right to be protected from any hazardous employment till the age of 14 years (Article 24)
Right to be protected from being abused and forced by economic necessity to enter occupations unsuited to their age or strength (Article 39(e))
Right to equal opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and guaranteed protection of childhood and youth against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment (Article 39(f))
Right to equality (Article 14)
Right against discrimination (Article 15)
Right to personal liberty and due process of law (Article 21)
Right to being protected from being trafficked and forced into bonded labour (article 23)
Right of weaker sections of the people to be protected from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (Article 46)
These rights could be put in simple as-
The right to education
The right to Expression
The right to information
The right to Nutrition
The right to Health and Care
The right to protection from Abuse
The right to protection from Exploitation
The right to protection from Neglect
The right to development
The right to Recreation
The right to Name and Nationality
The right to Survival
Every child has the right to avail his rights and it’s the prime duty of the government and the elders to see that every child utilizes the rights provided for him.
3. Eco-friendly Garbage Management
Waste management is an important part of infrastructure for cities, towns and countries. Today’s busy lives are interested to use everything that is disposable and it generates piles of waste in the environment.
The Namakkal Municipality can be taken as an ideal municipality which has become Zero Garbage Town from 01.07.2003. It has implemented various activities in order to achieve this. They followed steps like—door to door collection of garbage with segregation, sale of recyclable waste, manufacturing vermin compost from organic waste, door to door collection and sweeping on all holidays and Sundays, 100% removal of garbage daily etc. It has become the first Dust bin free town in the world.
We should try to practice a few of these steps to make our town, an eco friendly one. Firstly, the people of the town need to be motivated well. We should see that every person comes forward and co-operate. We should take the individual responsibility in managing the waste.
Let’s say NO to plastic and toxic products. It’s always better to carry a cloth bag when you go shopping. We should avoid excess packing. Paper packing is better than plastic as it is degradable.
We should buy the eco-friendly products only. It’s better to buy durable products instead of disposable and cheap products. We would better buy items that could be reused and recycled.
We should try to repair the items before replacing them. We can pass the unwanted items to our friends and family. Let’s not dump the E-waste (printers, coffee machines, refrigerators etc.) Instead, we could donate them to the needy.
Let’s not throw everything on the roads and create a mess. Let’s reduce the waste we produce like paper waste and organic waste.
Waste management is something that should be a joint effort between government, industries and citizens. Our planet suffered a tremendous damage due to mass dumped products. Recycling the products will reduce the strain on our environment and our resources.
Being aware of the products we use is contributing to the future of our planet. Waste management is manageable only if everyone does his or her part in keeping our planet healthy.
helpful
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